Comprehensive Clinical and Molecular Analysis of 12 Families with Type 1 Recessive Cutis Laxa
Identifieur interne : 000424 ( France/Analysis ); précédent : 000423; suivant : 000425Comprehensive Clinical and Molecular Analysis of 12 Families with Type 1 Recessive Cutis Laxa
Auteurs : Bert Callewaert [Belgique] ; Chi-Ting Su [États-Unis] ; Tim Van Damme [Belgique] ; Philip Vlummens [Belgique] ; Fransiska Malfait [Belgique] ; Olivier Vanakker [Belgique] ; Bianca Schulz [États-Unis] ; Meghan Mac Neal [États-Unis] ; Elaine C. Davis [Canada] ; Joseph G. H. Lee [Canada] ; Aicha Salhi [Algérie] ; Sheila Unger [Suisse] ; Ketil Heimdal [Norvège] ; Salome De Almeida [Portugal] ; Uwe Kornak [Allemagne] ; Harald Gaspar [Allemagne] ; Jean-Luc Bresson [France] ; Katrina Prescott [Royaume-Uni] ; Maria E. Gosendi [Espagne] ; Sahar Mansour [Royaume-Uni] ; Gérald E. Piérard [Belgique] ; Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal [États-Unis] ; Frank C. Sciurba [États-Unis] ; Sofie Symoens [Belgique] ; Paul J. Coucke [Belgique] ; Lionel Van Maldergem [France] ; Zsolt Urban [États-Unis] ; Anne De Paepe [Belgique]Source :
- Human Mutation [ 1059-7794 ] ; 2013-01.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : Génétique.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aortic, Arcl, Arcl type, Arterial tortuosity syndrome, Artery stenosis, Autosomal, Bladder, Bladder diverticula, Broblasts, Bronectin, Callewaert, Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular system, Clinical characteristics, Colocalization, Complete colocalization, Cutis, Cutis laxa, Diverticulum, Donkey alexa, Elastin, Elastin core, Extracellular, Extracellular matrix, Fbln4, Fbln5, Fbln5 mutations, Gastrointestinal, Generalized cutis laxa, Genet, Genetics, Ghent, Ghent university hospital, Human mutation, Hybrid domain, Laxa, Loeys, Long form, Ltbp4, Ltbp4 mrna, Ltbp4 mutations, Ltbp4 protein, Matrix, Medical genetics, Missense, Mrna, Mutant, Mutant ltbp4, Mutation, Phenotype, Probands, Protein levels, Pulmonary emphysema, Pyloric stenosis, Recessive, Recessive cutis laxa, Rectal prolapse, Rifkin, Room temperature, Schematic representation, Severe emphysema, Stenosis, Supp, Syndrome, Thermo waltham, Tissue disorders, Tortuosity.
- Teeft :
- Aortic, Arcl, Arcl type, Arterial tortuosity syndrome, Artery stenosis, Autosomal, Bladder, Bladder diverticula, Broblasts, Bronectin, Callewaert, Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular system, Clinical characteristics, Colocalization, Complete colocalization, Cutis, Cutis laxa, Diverticulum, Donkey alexa, Elastin, Elastin core, Extracellular, Extracellular matrix, Fbln4, Fbln5, Fbln5 mutations, Gastrointestinal, Generalized cutis laxa, Genet, Genetics, Ghent, Ghent university hospital, Human mutation, Hybrid domain, Laxa, Loeys, Long form, Ltbp4, Ltbp4 mrna, Ltbp4 mutations, Ltbp4 protein, Matrix, Medical genetics, Missense, Mrna, Mutant, Mutant ltbp4, Mutation, Phenotype, Probands, Protein levels, Pulmonary emphysema, Pyloric stenosis, Recessive, Recessive cutis laxa, Rectal prolapse, Rifkin, Room temperature, Schematic representation, Severe emphysema, Stenosis, Supp, Syndrome, Thermo waltham, Tissue disorders, Tortuosity.
Abstract
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type I (ARCL type I) is characterized by generalized cutis laxa with pulmonary emphysema and/or vascular complications. Rarely, mutations can be identified in FBLN4 or FBLN5. Recently, LTBP4 mutations have been implicated in a similar phenotype. Studying FBLN4, FBLN5, and LTBP4 in 12 families with ARCL type I, we found bi‐allelic FBLN5 mutations in two probands, whereas nine probands harbored biallelic mutations in LTBP4. FBLN5 and LTBP4 mutations cause a very similar phenotype associated with severe pulmonary emphysema, in the absence of vascular tortuosity or aneurysms. Gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract involvement seems to be more severe in patients with LTBP4 mutations. Functional studies showed that most premature termination mutations in LTBP4 result in severely reduced mRNA and protein levels. This correlated with increased transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFβ) activity. However, one mutation, c.4127dupC, escaped nonsense‐mediated decay. The corresponding mutant protein (p.Arg1377Alafs*27) showed reduced colocalization with fibronectin, leading to an abnormal morphology of microfibrils in fibroblast cultures, while retaining normal TGFβ activity. We conclude that LTBP4 mutations cause disease through both loss of function and gain of function mechanisms.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/humu.22165
Affiliations:
- Algérie, Allemagne, Belgique, Canada, Espagne, France, Norvège, Portugal, Royaume-Uni, Suisse, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Bade-Wurtemberg, Berlin, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Canton de Vaud, District de Karlsruhe, Franche-Comté, Grand Londres, Pennsylvanie, Québec, Wilaya d'Alger
- Alger, Berlin, Besançon, Heidelberg, Lausanne, Londres, Montréal, Pittsburgh
- Université McGill, Université de Londres
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Istex, to step Corpus: 002B22
- to stream Istex, to step Curation: 002B22
- to stream Istex, to step Checkpoint: 000E77
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 006465
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 006120
- to stream Main, to step Exploration: 006120
- to stream France, to step Extraction: 000424
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:B715E7CA55E33FA6D7CF396F8E437D2A494A4E71Le document en format XML
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type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, Elaine C" sort="Davis, Elaine C" uniqKey="Davis E" first="Elaine C." last="Davis">Elaine C. Davis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement><region type="state">Québec</region><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université McGill</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Joseph G H" sort="Lee, Joseph G H" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Joseph G. H." last="Lee">Joseph G. H. Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement><region type="state">Québec</region><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université McGill</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salhi, Aicha" sort="Salhi, Aicha" uniqKey="Salhi A" first="Aicha" last="Salhi">Aicha Salhi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Algérie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Alger</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Alger</settlement><region nuts="2">Wilaya d'Alger</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Unger, Sheila" sort="Unger, Sheila" uniqKey="Unger S" first="Sheila" last="Unger">Sheila Unger</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heimdal, Ketil" sort="Heimdal, Ketil" uniqKey="Heimdal K" first="Ketil" last="Heimdal">Ketil Heimdal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Olso</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Olso</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Almeida, Salome" sort="De Almeida, Salome" uniqKey="De Almeida S" first="Salome" last="De Almeida">Salome De Almeida</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, Hospitals Civis De Lisboa, Lisboa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisboa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kornak, Uwe" sort="Kornak, Uwe" uniqKey="Kornak U" first="Uwe" last="Kornak">Uwe Kornak</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Charité, Campus Virchow‐Klinikum, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaspar, Harald" sort="Gaspar, Harald" uniqKey="Gaspar H" first="Harald" last="Gaspar">Harald Gaspar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region><settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bresson, Jean Uc" sort="Bresson, Jean Uc" uniqKey="Bresson J" first="Jean-Luc" last="Bresson">Jean-Luc Bresson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Service de Génétique, CHU Saint‐Jacques, Besançon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</region><region type="old region">Franche-Comté</region><settlement type="city">Besançon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prescott, Katrina" sort="Prescott, Katrina" uniqKey="Prescott K" first="Katrina" last="Prescott">Katrina Prescott</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leeds</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gosendi, Maria E" sort="Gosendi, Maria E" uniqKey="Gosendi M" first="Maria E." last="Gosendi">Maria E. Gosendi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Llerenda, Badajoz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Badajoz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mansour, Sahar" sort="Mansour, Sahar" uniqKey="Mansour S" first="Sahar" last="Mansour">Sahar Mansour</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical genetics, St George's University of London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pierard, Gerald E" sort="Pierard, Gerald E" uniqKey="Pierard G" first="Gérald E." last="Piérard">Gérald E. Piérard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Dermatopathology University Hospital of Liège, Liège</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liège</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madan Hetarpal, Suneeta" sort="Madan Hetarpal, Suneeta" uniqKey="Madan Hetarpal S" first="Suneeta" last="Madan-Khetarpal">Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sciurba, Frank C" sort="Sciurba, Frank C" uniqKey="Sciurba F" first="Frank C." last="Sciurba">Frank C. Sciurba</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Symoens, Sofie" sort="Symoens, Sofie" uniqKey="Symoens S" first="Sofie" last="Symoens">Sofie Symoens</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ghent</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coucke, Paul J" sort="Coucke, Paul J" uniqKey="Coucke P" first="Paul J" last="Coucke">Paul J. Coucke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ghent</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Maldergem, Lionel" sort="Van Maldergem, Lionel" uniqKey="Van Maldergem L" first="Lionel" last="Van Maldergem">Lionel Van Maldergem</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre de Génétique Humaine, Université de Franche‐Comté, Besançon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</region><region type="old region">Franche-Comté</region><settlement type="city">Besançon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Urban, Zsolt" sort="Urban, Zsolt" uniqKey="Urban Z" first="Zsolt" last="Urban">Zsolt Urban</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Paepe, Anne" sort="De Paepe, Anne" uniqKey="De Paepe A" first="Anne" last="De Paepe">Anne De Paepe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ghent</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Human Mutation</title><title level="j" type="alt">HUMAN MUTATION</title><idno type="ISSN">1059-7794</idno><idno type="eISSN">1098-1004</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">34</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="111">111</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="121">121</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">11</biblScope><date type="published" when="2013-01">2013-01</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1059-7794</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1059-7794</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aortic</term><term>Arcl</term><term>Arcl type</term><term>Arterial tortuosity syndrome</term><term>Artery stenosis</term><term>Autosomal</term><term>Bladder</term><term>Bladder diverticula</term><term>Broblasts</term><term>Bronectin</term><term>Callewaert</term><term>Cardiovascular</term><term>Cardiovascular system</term><term>Clinical characteristics</term><term>Colocalization</term><term>Complete colocalization</term><term>Cutis</term><term>Cutis laxa</term><term>Diverticulum</term><term>Donkey alexa</term><term>Elastin</term><term>Elastin core</term><term>Extracellular</term><term>Extracellular matrix</term><term>Fbln4</term><term>Fbln5</term><term>Fbln5 mutations</term><term>Gastrointestinal</term><term>Generalized cutis laxa</term><term>Genet</term><term>Genetics</term><term>Ghent</term><term>Ghent university hospital</term><term>Human mutation</term><term>Hybrid domain</term><term>Laxa</term><term>Loeys</term><term>Long form</term><term>Ltbp4</term><term>Ltbp4 mrna</term><term>Ltbp4 mutations</term><term>Ltbp4 protein</term><term>Matrix</term><term>Medical genetics</term><term>Missense</term><term>Mrna</term><term>Mutant</term><term>Mutant ltbp4</term><term>Mutation</term><term>Phenotype</term><term>Probands</term><term>Protein levels</term><term>Pulmonary emphysema</term><term>Pyloric stenosis</term><term>Recessive</term><term>Recessive cutis laxa</term><term>Rectal prolapse</term><term>Rifkin</term><term>Room temperature</term><term>Schematic representation</term><term>Severe emphysema</term><term>Stenosis</term><term>Supp</term><term>Syndrome</term><term>Thermo waltham</term><term>Tissue disorders</term><term>Tortuosity</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Aortic</term><term>Arcl</term><term>Arcl type</term><term>Arterial tortuosity syndrome</term><term>Artery stenosis</term><term>Autosomal</term><term>Bladder</term><term>Bladder diverticula</term><term>Broblasts</term><term>Bronectin</term><term>Callewaert</term><term>Cardiovascular</term><term>Cardiovascular system</term><term>Clinical characteristics</term><term>Colocalization</term><term>Complete colocalization</term><term>Cutis</term><term>Cutis laxa</term><term>Diverticulum</term><term>Donkey alexa</term><term>Elastin</term><term>Elastin core</term><term>Extracellular</term><term>Extracellular matrix</term><term>Fbln4</term><term>Fbln5</term><term>Fbln5 mutations</term><term>Gastrointestinal</term><term>Generalized cutis laxa</term><term>Genet</term><term>Genetics</term><term>Ghent</term><term>Ghent university hospital</term><term>Human mutation</term><term>Hybrid domain</term><term>Laxa</term><term>Loeys</term><term>Long form</term><term>Ltbp4</term><term>Ltbp4 mrna</term><term>Ltbp4 mutations</term><term>Ltbp4 protein</term><term>Matrix</term><term>Medical genetics</term><term>Missense</term><term>Mrna</term><term>Mutant</term><term>Mutant ltbp4</term><term>Mutation</term><term>Phenotype</term><term>Probands</term><term>Protein levels</term><term>Pulmonary emphysema</term><term>Pyloric stenosis</term><term>Recessive</term><term>Recessive cutis laxa</term><term>Rectal prolapse</term><term>Rifkin</term><term>Room temperature</term><term>Schematic representation</term><term>Severe emphysema</term><term>Stenosis</term><term>Supp</term><term>Syndrome</term><term>Thermo waltham</term><term>Tissue disorders</term><term>Tortuosity</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Génétique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type I (ARCL type I) is characterized by generalized cutis laxa with pulmonary emphysema and/or vascular complications. Rarely, mutations can be identified in FBLN4 or FBLN5. Recently, LTBP4 mutations have been implicated in a similar phenotype. Studying FBLN4, FBLN5, and LTBP4 in 12 families with ARCL type I, we found bi‐allelic FBLN5 mutations in two probands, whereas nine probands harbored biallelic mutations in LTBP4. FBLN5 and LTBP4 mutations cause a very similar phenotype associated with severe pulmonary emphysema, in the absence of vascular tortuosity or aneurysms. Gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract involvement seems to be more severe in patients with LTBP4 mutations. Functional studies showed that most premature termination mutations in LTBP4 result in severely reduced mRNA and protein levels. This correlated with increased transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFβ) activity. However, one mutation, c.4127dupC, escaped nonsense‐mediated decay. The corresponding mutant protein (p.Arg1377Alafs*27) showed reduced colocalization with fibronectin, leading to an abnormal morphology of microfibrils in fibroblast cultures, while retaining normal TGFβ activity. We conclude that LTBP4 mutations cause disease through both loss of function and gain of function mechanisms.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Algérie</li><li>Allemagne</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Canada</li><li>Espagne</li><li>France</li><li>Norvège</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suisse</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li><li>Berlin</li><li>Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</li><li>Canton de Vaud</li><li>District de Karlsruhe</li><li>Franche-Comté</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Pennsylvanie</li><li>Québec</li><li>Wilaya d'Alger</li></region><settlement><li>Alger</li><li>Berlin</li><li>Besançon</li><li>Heidelberg</li><li>Lausanne</li><li>Londres</li><li>Montréal</li><li>Pittsburgh</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université McGill</li><li>Université de Londres</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Belgique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Callewaert, Bert" sort="Callewaert, Bert" uniqKey="Callewaert B" first="Bert" last="Callewaert">Bert Callewaert</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Callewaert, Bert" sort="Callewaert, Bert" uniqKey="Callewaert B" first="Bert" last="Callewaert">Bert Callewaert</name><name sortKey="Coucke, Paul J" sort="Coucke, Paul J" uniqKey="Coucke P" first="Paul J" last="Coucke">Paul J. Coucke</name><name sortKey="De Paepe, Anne" sort="De Paepe, Anne" uniqKey="De Paepe A" first="Anne" last="De Paepe">Anne De Paepe</name><name sortKey="Malfait, Fransiska" sort="Malfait, Fransiska" uniqKey="Malfait F" first="Fransiska" last="Malfait">Fransiska Malfait</name><name sortKey="Pierard, Gerald E" sort="Pierard, Gerald E" uniqKey="Pierard G" first="Gérald E." last="Piérard">Gérald E. Piérard</name><name sortKey="Symoens, Sofie" sort="Symoens, Sofie" uniqKey="Symoens S" first="Sofie" last="Symoens">Sofie Symoens</name><name sortKey="Van Damme, Tim" sort="Van Damme, Tim" uniqKey="Van Damme T" first="Tim" last="Van Damme">Tim Van Damme</name><name sortKey="Vanakker, Olivier" sort="Vanakker, Olivier" uniqKey="Vanakker O" first="Olivier" last="Vanakker">Olivier Vanakker</name><name sortKey="Vlummens, Philip" sort="Vlummens, Philip" uniqKey="Vlummens P" first="Philip" last="Vlummens">Philip Vlummens</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Pennsylvanie"><name sortKey="Su, Chi Ing" sort="Su, Chi Ing" uniqKey="Su C" first="Chi-Ting" last="Su">Chi-Ting Su</name></region><name sortKey="Mac Neal, Meghan" sort="Mac Neal, Meghan" uniqKey="Mac Neal M" first="Meghan" last="Mac Neal">Meghan Mac Neal</name><name sortKey="Madan Hetarpal, Suneeta" sort="Madan Hetarpal, Suneeta" uniqKey="Madan Hetarpal S" first="Suneeta" last="Madan-Khetarpal">Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal</name><name sortKey="Schulz, Bianca" sort="Schulz, Bianca" uniqKey="Schulz B" first="Bianca" last="Schulz">Bianca Schulz</name><name sortKey="Sciurba, Frank C" sort="Sciurba, Frank C" uniqKey="Sciurba F" first="Frank C." last="Sciurba">Frank C. Sciurba</name><name sortKey="Urban, Zsolt" sort="Urban, Zsolt" uniqKey="Urban Z" first="Zsolt" last="Urban">Zsolt Urban</name></country><country name="Canada"><region name="Québec"><name sortKey="Davis, Elaine C" sort="Davis, Elaine C" uniqKey="Davis E" first="Elaine C." last="Davis">Elaine C. Davis</name></region><name sortKey="Lee, Joseph G H" sort="Lee, Joseph G H" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Joseph G. H." last="Lee">Joseph G. H. Lee</name></country><country name="Algérie"><region name="Wilaya d'Alger"><name sortKey="Salhi, Aicha" sort="Salhi, Aicha" uniqKey="Salhi A" first="Aicha" last="Salhi">Aicha Salhi</name></region></country><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Vaud"><name sortKey="Unger, Sheila" sort="Unger, Sheila" uniqKey="Unger S" first="Sheila" last="Unger">Sheila Unger</name></region></country><country name="Norvège"><noRegion><name sortKey="Heimdal, Ketil" sort="Heimdal, Ketil" uniqKey="Heimdal K" first="Ketil" last="Heimdal">Ketil Heimdal</name></noRegion></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="De Almeida, Salome" sort="De Almeida, Salome" uniqKey="De Almeida S" first="Salome" last="De Almeida">Salome De Almeida</name></noRegion></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Berlin"><name sortKey="Kornak, Uwe" sort="Kornak, Uwe" uniqKey="Kornak U" first="Uwe" last="Kornak">Uwe Kornak</name></region><name sortKey="Gaspar, Harald" sort="Gaspar, Harald" uniqKey="Gaspar H" first="Harald" last="Gaspar">Harald Gaspar</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté"><name sortKey="Bresson, Jean Uc" sort="Bresson, Jean Uc" uniqKey="Bresson J" first="Jean-Luc" last="Bresson">Jean-Luc Bresson</name></region><name sortKey="Van Maldergem, Lionel" sort="Van Maldergem, Lionel" uniqKey="Van Maldergem L" first="Lionel" last="Van Maldergem">Lionel Van Maldergem</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Prescott, Katrina" sort="Prescott, Katrina" uniqKey="Prescott K" first="Katrina" last="Prescott">Katrina Prescott</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Mansour, Sahar" sort="Mansour, Sahar" uniqKey="Mansour S" first="Sahar" last="Mansour">Sahar Mansour</name></country><country name="Espagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gosendi, Maria E" sort="Gosendi, Maria E" uniqKey="Gosendi M" first="Maria E." last="Gosendi">Maria E. 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